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A Glasgow Hillhead by-election was held on 25 March 1982. The by-election was caused by the death of the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Glasgow Hillhead Tam Galbraith on 2 January 1982. Hillhead had been held by the Conservatives at every election since its creation in 1918. Galbraith himself had held the seat since the Glasgow Hillhead by-election, 1948. However, his majority had been gradually reduced, and even in the 1979 election which the Conservatives won, the Labour Party had continued to gain ground.〔(Scottish Politics: Glasgow Kelvin ). Retrieved 7 July 2007.〕 ==Candidates== The Labour Party had suffered a split in 1981, with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) formed by the "Gang of Four" prominent figures: David Owen, Bill Rodgers, Shirley Williams and Roy Jenkins. The SDP had several Parliamentary seats held by defectors from Labour, and one by a defector from the Conservatives, while Williams had won the Crosby by-election, 1981 for the party, leaving Jenkins as the final "Gang of Four" member without a seat in the House of Commons. He contested the Warrington by-election, 1981, coming a close second, and remained keen to fight a winnable seat. Labour's candidate for the seat in 1979, Richard Mowbray, had defected to the SDP. Coupled with a largely middle class electorate and a third place in 1979 for the Liberal Party, who had since agreed an electoral pact - termed the 'Alliance' - with the SDP, the party considered Hillhead to be a target seat.〔 The candidacy of Jenkins was not immediately assured, however: the Hillhead Liberal association had already selected a candidate, and it was only after a "tense and uncomfortable" discussion at Jenkins' house, involving various Liberal and SDP figures, that a resolution was agreed which safeguarded the nomination of Jenkins as the Alliance candidate.〔Crewe, Ivor and King, Anthony, ''SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party'' (Oxford University Press, 1995), p.154.〕 The Conservatives hoped to hold the seat, but were behind in the polls. They stood Gerry Malone, a local lawyer.〔Gerry Malone, "(Ruthless politician brought touch of glamour to Hillhead )", ''The Scotsman'', 6 January 2003. Retrieved 7 July 2007.〕 Malone called for cuts in welfare and the reintroduction of hanging.〔Mayo Mohs, "(Victory for the Center )", ''TIME magazine'', 5 April 1982. Retrieved 7 July 2007.〕 Labour faced a struggle to win the seat, but hoped their lead in the polls would translate to a by-election victory. They stood David Wiseman, a local councillor and community worker who had previously been known for his research into the Loch Ness Monster.〔〔Alan Cochrane, "( Hillhead victory won a place in his heart )", ''The Daily Telegraph''〕 The Scottish National Party (SNP) had contested the seat for many years, and in recent elections had won around 10% of the vote. They stood George Leslie, a local vet, and campaigned for Scottish independence, with a particular focus on Jenkins' background in England and Wales.〔 The Ecology Party, then little-known, stood Nicolette Carlaw, who focused her campaign on nuclear disarmament and stated that, if she was not standing, she would call on her supporters to vote for Leslie, as he looked after her cats.〔"Dr Carlaw is no ordinary candidate", ''Glasgow Herald'', 13 March 1982〕 An organisation named the "Social Democratic Party", founded by Donald Kean in Manchester in 1979 and unconnected with the organisation Jenkins represented, stood Douglas Parkin. Parkin changed his name by deed poll to "Roy Harold Jenkins" in an attempt to confuse voters who wished to vote for the better-known candidate, whose full name was "Roy Harris Jenkins".〔"(Glasgow Hillhead 1982 )", British Parliamentary By Elections. Retrieved 7 July 2007.〕 Jack Glass, a Protestant pastor and founder of the local Zion Sovereign Grace Baptist Church, stood in opposition to a planned visit to Scotland by the Pope, whom he described as the "antichrist",〔"(Obituaries: Pastor Jack Glass )", ''The Daily Telegraph'', 26 February 2004. Retrieved 7 July 2007.〕 while veteran by-election candidate Bill Boaks stood as "Public Safety Democratic Monarchist White Resident".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glasgow Hillhead by-election, 1982」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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